Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Young Surname Meaning and Origin

Youthful Surname Meaning and Origin Gotten from the Middle English yunge or yonge (Old English word geong),â meaning youthful, the Young last name was utilized as a clear name to recognize father from child or to the more youthful of two family members with a similar first name (like the utilization of Junior). Much of the time, Young can likewise be an Anglicization of one of a few like-sounding family names, for example, the German Jung, Dutch Jong, and French Lejueune. Youthful is the 31st most mainstream family name in the United States and the nineteenth most normal last name in Scotland. Family name Origin: English, Scottish Exchange Surname Spellings: YOUNGE, YOUNGE, YONG Renowned People with the Surname YOUNG Neil Young - American society rock artist/songwriterJohn Young - American astronautBrigham Young - second prophet and leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsLester Young - American jazz saxophonistWhitney Young Jr. - Civil rights activistPaul Young - English vocalist Where Do People With the Young Surname Live? Youthful is the 590th most basic family name on the planet, as per last name circulation information from Forebears, and is found in the best numbers in the United States. It is most common dependent on level of populace. Be that as it may, in the Pitcairn Islands, where it positions third, and is borne by 1 of each 10 inhabitants. Youthful additionally positions profoundly in Belize (fourth), New Zealand (eleventh), Australia (22nd), Scotland (22nd), Canada (23rd), England (49th) and Wales (58th). WorldNames PublicProfiler recognizes the Young last name as being generally regular in Australia and New Zealand, trailed by the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. The world area with the biggest populace of Youngs is Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, trailed by Clutha District, New Zealand, and afterward Scotland. Inside the United States, Young is generally basic in the province of Hawaii. Inside Scotland, the name is generally predominant in the Scottish Borders, trailed by East Ayrshire and Midlothian. Family history Resources for the Surname YOUNG 100 Most Common U.S. Family names Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the a great many Americans donning one of these main 100 basic last names from the 2000 census?Young Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is nothing of the sort as a Young family peak or crest for the Young surname. Coats of arms are allowed to people, not families, and may legitimately be utilized uniquely by the continuous male line relatives of the individual to whom the crest was initially granted. Young Family Genealogy Forum: Search this mainstream parentage gathering for the Young last name to discover other people who may be looking into your progenitors, or post your own Young query.FamilySearch - YOUNG Genealogy: Access more than 9 million free verifiable records and heredity connected family trees posted for the Young last name and its minor departure from this free ancestry site facilitated by the Church of Jesus Christ of L atter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Young Records: GeneaNet incorporates chronicled records, family trees, and different assets for people with the Young family name, with a fixation on records and families from France, Spain, and other European nations. Youthful Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb has a few free mailing records for scientists of the Young surname.DistantCousin.com - YOUNG Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and parentage joins for the last name Young.The Young Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse family trees and connections to genealogical and authentic records for people with the last name Young from the site of Genealogy Today.

How Negative Punishment Works

How Negative Punishment Works Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How Negative Punishment Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 17, 2020 Jekaterina Nikitina/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Negative punishment is an important concept in B. F. Skinners theory of operant conditioning. In behavioral psychology, the goal of punishment  is to decrease a certain unwanted  behavior. In the case of negative punishment, it involves taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior. One of the easiest ways to remember this concept is to note that in behavioral terms, positive means adding something while negative means taking something away. For this reason, negative punishment is often referred to as punishment by removal. Examples Can you identify examples of negative punishment? Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens are all examples of negative punishment. In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individuals undesirable behavior. For example: After two children get into a fight over who gets to play with a new toy, the mother simply takes the toy away from both children.A teenage girl stays out for an hour past her curfew, so her parents ground her for a week.A third-grade boy yells at another student during class, so his teacher takes away his good behavior tokens that can be redeemed for prizes. Conversely, with positive punishment, something undesirable is added when an unwanted  behavior has occurred. For instance, when a child throws a temper tantrum, she is sent to her room for a timeout. Both types of punishment have the same end goal: to change behavior. The Effects of Negative Punishment While negative punishment can be highly effective, Skinner and other researchers ??have suggested that a number of different factors can influence its success. Negative punishment is most effective when: It immediately follows a response.It is applied consistently. Consider this example: a teenage girl has a drivers license, but it does not allow her to drive at night. However, she drives at night several times a week without facing any consequences. One evening while she is driving to the mall with a friend, she is pulled over and issued a ticket. As a result, she receives a notice in the mail a week later informing her that her driving privileges have been revoked for 30 days. Once she regains her license, she goes back to driving at night even though she has six more months before she is legally allowed to drive during the evening and nighttime hours. As you might have guessed, losing her license is the negative punishment in this example. So why would she continue to engage in the behavior even though it led to punishment? Because the punishment was inconsistently applied (she drove at night many times without facing punishment) and because the punishment was not applied immediately (her driving privileges were not revoked until a week after she was caught), the negative punishment was not effective at curtailing her behavior. Another major problem with negative punishment is that while it might reduce the unwanted behavior, it does not provide any information or instruction on more appropriate reactions. B.F. Skinner also noted that once the punishment is withdrawn, the behavior is very likely to return.

What We Don t Understand Schizophrenia - 963 Words

Understanding What We Don’t Understand: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is often a misunderstood disorder. With many disorders individuals can at least empathize because in some form or another they can relate them to something; but, Schizophrenia has symptoms that make it harder for others to understand, such as hearing voices that are not there or speaking sentences that have no meaning (Oltmann Emery, 2014). These patients can have misconceived thoughts of others around them too. The name Schizophrenia and the media often only enhance our misunderstandings of the disorder (Morgan, J., Morgan, C., 2010). The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek words skhizein meaning ‘to split’ and phren meaning ‘mind’, this doesn’t give great†¦show more content†¦Schizophrenia can be ruinous not only to the Schizophrenic patient but also to their families and peers because they do not understand these often sudden and unique changes in their co-worker, family member, friend, or loved one. Unfortunately the media does not always aid in proper conceptions of mental illness; especially when it comes to Schizophrenia, because it often portrays Schizophrenia’s most chronic patients and most eccentric themes. In the 1993 film Benny and Joon such characters are portrayed with some of the extreme eccentric behaviors of Schizophrenia. The film also shows the effects that Schizophrenia can have on family because Joon, which is portrayed as a â€Å"disabled† woman, lives with her brother Benjamin Pearl â€Å"Benny† after the death of their parents and the struggles that can take place within the family are viewed. Initially her brother doesn’t take notice to much of Joon’s signs of needing some form of help. He only sees what he wants and doesn’t quite understand all that is going on. Her brother â€Å"Benny† shows a lot of frustration in having to continuously find new â€Å"housekeepers† due to Joon chasing them off because of her quirky ideologies about them. He continues to struggle with having these â€Å"housekeepers† to care for Joon and ultimately ends up having to leave her alone for a short time as he has to

The Progressive Era - 1112 Words

The Progressive Era began as a social movement and transpired into a political movement in the United States. Gender roles changed and in the 18th and 19th century, men and women developed into different spheres, the private and public spheres. In these spheres men where stereotypically linked to the public sphere which related to the political relationships and surroundings as well as paid employment. Whereas, women were commonly expected to pertain to the private sphere and follow the expectations of a true American women-in the society-as house wives. Women in the 19th century didn’t not have the opportunity to take part in political actions nor decisions. Because of their risk taking and their goal to work together to make a life changing reformation we now have the right to vote, testify in court and have higher education. Women’s lives were shaped by the â€Å"Cult of true Womanhood† where the general belief of a â€Å"true† woman was based upon a variety of expectations from women in the 19th century. The criterion was that women should remain pious, pure, submissive and domestic. Women who were outspoken and who participated in public relations were unattractive to men. Women were part of the private sphere in which they took part in house duties and raising children. The status of women in society changed rapidly during the Progressive Era. Women sought job opportunities as clerical workers and others who were of good wealth took the opportunity to pursue a prominentShow MoreRelatedProgressives And The Progressive Era1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe progressive Era was times in History were local state and federal government took a leap forward in power and activism. In addition, the progressive era, was a time of development of new reforms and changes for America. Progressivism handles a wide range of problems and struggle for America. Such problems were created by unstructed industrialization, urbanization and immigration. As well as, the unfavorable distribution of power and wealth. Progressives believed strongly that problems such asRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1949 Words   |  8 Pagesshaped the United States throughout all of history. The most important of these changes, however, occurred during America’s progressive era. The Progressive era is defined as the time period of 1890 to 1920. Even though, progressive presidents were not in office during that entire time period, the ideals that they enacted and developed throughout the United States. The Progressive Era saw the expansion and contraction of political and economic freedoms through pure democracy. Socially, the new consumerRead MoreThe Progressive Era 938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Progressive Era was a time period between the years 1900-1920 and it marked a time in American history in which society was bursting with enthusiasm to improve life in the industrial age by making political and social changes through government action that ultimately led to a higher quality of life for American citizens. Progressives were known for their beliefs in limiting the power of big business, strengthening the power of the states, and were advocators against corruption and social injusticeRead MoreThe Progressive Era845 Words   |  4 Pages1--Discuss, in detail, the main overall goals of the Progressives. The Progressive Era was mainly a retaliation to numerous changes and social effects that were happening in America. The era emerged in the 1800’s from complications with the latest industrial order, which included workers who protested about how their jobs were unsafe and exhausting. They also focused on byproducts such as immigration, urban growth, growing corporate power, and widening class divisions. They were also known as humanitariansRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Revolutionary Era1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reformist movement? Why? The root of the Progressive Era comes from the emergence of industrialism in the United States had created some terrible problems and they wanted to work together to change the U.S government. Therefore, address the problems that had come about from the Industrial Revolution. The progressive era was all about making advances in a better society, the feature of democracy during the progressive movement a lot of these progressive at local state levels started to focus on cleaningRead MoreThe Importance Of The Progressive Era1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Progressive era was a time in America’s history when people started to call for the government’s help to face the problems industrialization brought. This era was extremely important because it helped the people achieve better conditions and helped the government to make better use of its powers. One of the most potent groups of progressivists were muckrakers; they used journalism to bring forward problems and injustices in society and the work industry (McKeown). The Triangle Shirtwaist FireRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, toRead More The Progressive Era Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesall power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to wor kers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposingRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopoliesRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competition for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfare

Winston Smith ~ Character Outline Free Essays

Katie Kukay Wednesday Sept. 10 OutlinePd. 9 Winston Smith From 1984 by George Orwell Thesis: Winston Smith is an average man living in totalitarian-ruled London, where he must fight to keep control of his own thoughts and his own mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Winston Smith ~ Character Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now I. Winston shows his rebellious side early in the book. A. He illegally writes in a diary, writing DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER multiple times. B. At Two Minutes Hate, he tells us his actual thoughts on the society he lives in. C. He is certain the Party member O’Brien is also a part of the rebellion. II. He falls in love with Julia. A. Julia secretly passes Winston a note the reads I love you. B. Winston and Julia start a love affair, which would result in death if they were caught. III. O’Brien betrays Winston and Julia. A. O’Brien tells Winston that he is a part of the rebellion too. B. O’Brien is soon revealed as a member of the Party, pretending to be against the Party in order to trap Winston and Julia. C. Winston is sent to the Ministry of Love. IV. Winston learns to accept the Party’s ways. A. O’Brien tortures Winston, and Winston gives away all his secrets. But he does not betray Julia. B. O’Brien realizes Winston still has not betrayed Julia, so he sends him to the dreaded Room 101. C. In Room 101, they use Winston’s worst fear, rats, to break him. He finally betrays Julia, and they let him go. V. Winston no longer has any rebellious thoughts. He loves Big Brother, and no longer loves Julia. How to cite Winston Smith ~ Character Outline, Papers

Anne Frank Writing as a Journey to Self Discovery Essay Example

Anne Frank: Writing as a Journey to Self Discovery Paper Anne Frank: Writing as a journey to self discovery The protagonist and author of The Diary of a Young Girl Anne Frank began writing her diary at the age of thirteen. She has many friends and admires at school; however, she confesses that she doesn’t have any close friend whom she able to open up fully about deeper things in her mind that she wants to share. It makes her to feel lonely and misunderstood. Anne found a best friend in the diary she named â€Å"Kitty†. The diary gives her a private place to explore and develop her thoughts and ideas. It comforts her in the extraordinary circumstances of the secret annex, where she was hiding with her family during Germany’s occupation of Holland. The diary helps her to write out her frustrations, feelings of isolation and express her thoughts without fear of being criticized or affecting anybody else in the annex. The diary is important part of Anne’s life and it influences her self-development. Particularly, writing plays a significant part in Anne’s maturity and sense of self, since Anne was able to look back at the previous records in the diary and reflect on her experiences. Besides, a constant diary-writing enables her to discover herself as potential writer and develop sense of self worth and self purpose. Anne began her diary as a playful, innocent teenager but her later entries reflected realization of coming of age. After two years of constant diary writing, she said: â€Å"Looking back, I realize that this period of my life has irrevocably come to close; my happy-go-quickly, carefree schooldays are gone forever I’ve outgrown them. I can no longer just kid around, since my serious side is always there. †(March 7, 1944). We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Frank: Writing as a Journey to Self Discovery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Frank: Writing as a Journey to Self Discovery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Frank: Writing as a Journey to Self Discovery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As she matures, she constantly writes about her emotions, attitudes towards life and other people. A near to the end of the diary, Anne looks over her past diary entries about her mother and Van Daans, and realizes how biased she was towards other people. She realizes that sometimes she acted immature and self centered. Anne said: â€Å"I tried to understand the Anne of last year and make apologies for her. I was suffering then (and still do) from moods that kept my head under water and allowed me to see things only from my own perspective (January 2, 1944). Also, she was ashamed about some past entries that she thought to be â€Å"childish innocence† (January 22, 1944). By looking at her past entries she realized how her girlish moods changes and immaturity affected her perceptions of others true intentions. Particularly Anne admits that she had been too harsh towards her mother and unfair towards Van Daans family, she thinks she has grown wiser since then. By criticizing he r own past actions and thoughts, she showed her maturity and self perception as an adult responsible for own behaviour. Besides, this reflective writing experience plays a significant role in her personality development and in establishing her future career goals. Throughout the diary Anne matures considerably and her entries reflect her desire to understand her own personality. In the diary she explains that she is different Anne with people at the Annex, but she opens up her another, sentimental side when she writes in her diary. By writing out her emotions in the diary, Anne comes to understand her behaviour and motives over the course of her diary writing. Particularly, she discusses the ideas that are important reflection of Anne’s self perception and sense of self. â€Å"I’m so grateful to God for having given me this gift, which I can use to develop myself and to express all that’s inside me,† Anne said about her writing. (April 5, 1944). For example, she argued about significance of nature in people life, a person’s will power, importance of self realization and the role of women in a society. Writing helped Anne to explore her past motivations and own personality, and see how much she changed during such short time. It influenced her perception of self and she began to realize what kind of a person she wants to be in the future. As Anne became more self aware she began to think about the future and how she would realize herself after the war. She became engaged with her writing that she even decides to pursue it as a future career. She turns to be ambitious about it: â€Å" to get on in life, to become a journalist, because that’s what I want! I know I can write† she said (April 5, 1944). She admits that she has a great potential and this self discovery gives her a sense of self worth and self purpose. She realizes that her writing can have a big impact on the society and through hard work and dedication she can achieve more than any average woman of her times. She says: â€Å"I don’t want to live in vain like most people. I want to be useful or bringing enjoyment to all people, even those I’ve never met. I want to go on living even after my death! † (April 5, 1944). She wants to be useful for the society through her talent and bring all her potential to life through her writing. With these ideas in her mind she set her life goals and decides to publish her diary after the war; as a result, her later entries are more detail and reader oriented. For example, she adds more detail information about residents of the Annex, explaining their characters and adds detail comments about the War. Anne feels as she is doing something valuable for society and for herself. Therefore, Anne writing became a big part of her personality and self identity. Writing helped her not only to express herself and analyze herself; it also enriched her life with sense of fulfilment and helped to establish goals for the future. The Diary of a Young Girl takes reader to a world of bright and intelligent young women who goes through coming of age and difficult war times. Anne Frank amuses reader with her brilliant mind and wise ideas at her early stage of life. She matured as diary progressed and writing played a big part in this process. Throughout writing Anne was able to write off her emotions and cope with difficult times. Most imported, writing helped Anne to find sense of purpose and develop a self image as a future writer and valuable member of society. If Anne lived, she would definitely become engaging and sophisticated writer.

Conflicting Perspectives in Literature and Film Essays

Conflicting Perspectives in Literature and Film Essays Conflicting Perspectives in Literature and Film Essay Conflicting Perspectives in Literature and Film Essay Essay Topic: The Sound and the Fury Perspectives are subjective judgements on events, situations, and personalities that are informed by an amalgamation of an individual’s personal biases, motivations, and understandings. Conflict is therefore inevitable, following the relative nature of perspectives. As texts are inexorably linked to the perspectives of composers, they can be explored as representations of such idiosyncratic judgements. However, the composer’s ability to manipulate textual elements, respective of their medium, allows them to represent certain events, situations, or personalities selectively and thereby exploit the assumed veracity of any perspective. The malleable nature of perspectives and representations in texts can be explored through Ted Hughes’s 1984 poetic anthology Birthday Letters, Michael Moore’s 2004 documentary Fahrenheit 9/11, and Bernhard Schlink’s 1995 parable The Reader. Conflict arises from the inevitably biased representations within texts which composers can use to advocate a particular perspective. In ‘The Minotaur’, the lexical chain surrounding â€Å"smashed†, â€Å"hammer†, and â€Å"demented† create an atmosphere of violence which characterises Plath’s volatility, continuing the allusion of her â€Å"fury† as a â€Å"high velocity bullet† in ‘The Shot.’ Hughes evokes pathos through the sentimentality attached to his mother’s symbolic â€Å"heirloom sideboard†, effectively presenting himself as a victim of Plath’s volatility to oppose opinions of his detrimental effect on what he describes as the â€Å"goblin† that is Plath’s mentality; â€Å"So what had I given him?† His iniquitous portrayal of Plath is emphasised by the bathos as she was â€Å"demented by my being/twenty minutes late for baby-minding.† The subtle omission of her voice denies conflicting perspectives to oppose his despicable representation of her and allows him to continue it through the assonance of the ‘e’ sound in â€Å"left your mother a de

Learn About the U.S. Presidential Oath of Office

Learn About the U.S. Presidential Oath of Office Since George Washington first said the words on April 30, 1789, as prompted by Robert Livingston Chancellor of State of New York, every President of the United States has repeated the following simple presidential oath of office as part of the inauguration ceremony: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. The oath is worded and administered in accordance with Article II, Section I of the U.S. Constitution, which requires that â€Å"Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:† Who May Administer the Oath? While the Constitution does not stipulate who should administer the oath to the president, this is typically done by the Chief Justice of the United States. Constitutional law experts agree that the oath could also be administered by a judge or official of the lower federal courts. For example, 30th President Calvin Coolidge was sworn in by his father, then a Justice of the Peace and notary public in Vermont. Currently, Calvin Coolidge remains the only president to be sworn in by anyone other than a judge. Between 1789 (George Washington) and 2013 (Barack Obama), the oath has been administered by 15 Associate Justices, three federal judges, two New York state judges, and one notary public. Hours after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, U.S. District Court Judge Sarah T. Hughes became the first woman to administer the oath when she swore in Lyndon B. Johnson onboard Air Force One in Dallas, Texas. Forms of Administering the Oath Over the years, the presidential oath has been administered in two ways. In one form now rarely used, the person administering the oath posed it in the form of a question, as in, â€Å"Do you George Washington solemnly swear or affirm that ‘you’ will †¦Ã¢â‚¬  In its modern form, the person administering the oath poses it as an affirmative statement, with the incoming president repeating it verbatim, as in, â€Å"I, Barak Obama do solemnly ‘swear’ or ‘affirm that ‘I’ will †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Use of Bibles Despite the First Amendment’s â€Å"Establishment Clause† guaranteeing the separation of church and state, incoming presidents traditionally take the oath of office while raising their right hands while placing their left hands on Bible or other books of special – often religious significance to them. John Quincy Adams held a law book, indicating his intention to base his presidency on the Constitution. President Theodore Roosevelt did not use a bible while taking the oath in 1901. After George Washington kissed the bible he held while taking the oath, most other presidents have followed suit. Dwight D. Eisenhower, however, said a prayer rather than kissing the Bible he was holding. Use of the Phrase ‘So Help Me God’ Use of â€Å"So help me God† in the presidential oath calls into question the constitutional requirement for separation of church and state. Enacted by the First U.S. Congress, the Judiciary Act of 1789 explicitly required â€Å"So help me God† to be used in the oaths of all U.S. federal judges and other officers other than the president. In addition, the words of the presidential oath - as the only oath specifically spelled out in the Constitution - do not include the phrase. While not required by law, most presidents since Franklin D. Roosevelt have added the phrase â€Å"So help me God† after reciting the official oath. Whether presidents before Roosevelt added the words is a source of debate among historians. Some say that both George Washington and Abraham Lincoln used the phrase, but other historians disagree. Much of the ‘So help me God’ debate hinges on the two manners in which the oath has been given. In the first, no longer used manner, the administrating official frames the oath as a question, as in â€Å"Do you Abraham Lincoln solemnly swear†¦,† which seems to demand an affirmative response. The current form of â€Å"I do solemnly swear (or affirm)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  demands a simple response of â€Å"I do† or â€Å"I swear.† In December 2008, atheist Michael Newdow, joined by 17 other people, plus 10 atheist groups, filed a lawsuit in the District Court for the District of Columbia against Chief Justice  John Roberts seeking to prevent the Chief Justice from saying â€Å"so help me God† in the inauguration of President Barack Obama. Newdow argued that the 35 words of the Constitution’s official presidential oath do not include the words. The District Court refused to issue an injunction preventing Roberts from using the phrase, and in May 2011, the U.S.  Supreme Court refused Newdows request to hear the case.   What About the Vice Presidents Oath? Under current federal law, the Vice President of the United States recites a different oath of office as follows: â€Å"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God.† While the Constitution specifies that the oath taken by the vice president and other government officials states their intention to uphold the Constitution, it does not specify the exact wording of the oath. Traditionally, the vice president’s oath has been administered by the Chief Justice on inauguration day on the floor of the Senate shortly before the president-elect is sworn in.

Information Security and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Security and Ethics - Essay Example Professional ethics plays crucial role in helping information security professional to execute their duty. However, to ensure maximum information security, organizations need to institute relevant legislations to guard against information security breach. This paper explores policies and procedure that organizations should implement to secure their confidential information. It is crucial that security forms an integral part of organizational culture. Protecting the firm from possible information security breach should be a major focus of the company’s operational process. To achieve this, security policies or e-policies provide the fundamental framework for an organization to beef security over its crucial information. Security policies are regulations that outline how organizational information are supposed to be used in executing daily organizational tasks and also dictate who is authorized to access what information. What Are Security Policies or e-policies? A security poli cy can be referred to as a document that gives guidelines on how an organization intends to protect its physical as well as information technology assets. According to Ciampa (2010), a security policy refers to â€Å"a document that outlines the protections that should be enacted to ensure the organization’s assets face minimal risks.†An organization’s security policy is usually referred to as a living document because it is continuously upgraded to meet emerging organizational challenges in the face of organizational change and evolving employee requirements. The security policy of an organization usually reflects on policy implementation requirements and possible corrections in case loopholes are detected (Ciampa, 2010). Recommended Information Security Policies for Organizations Control over Access to Computer Rooms In order to ensure high level security for crucial organizational information, computer rooms should be kept under lock and key at all times. Com puter rooms should have doors fitted strongly and manned by security officers at all times. In addition to locking computer rooms, there should be security officers deployed to man the doors to main information areas. Only authorized personnel should access such rooms through user authentication process. Use of Passwords and Authentication Procedures The organization should have documented guidelines to control access over its crucial information areas. All computers in the organization should have passwords in relation to security demands. These guidelines need to be assessed on regular intervals. The guidelines should have password requirement and control the storage of such passwords. All users of information accessing information system of the company must be authenticated. Individuals who are authorized to access company information should have unique blend of usernames and passwords to bar unauthorized personnel or external intruders from gaining easy access to the organizatio n’s private information. Information users are held responsible for the usage of their passwords and usernames, which they should keep secret unless called upon by the chief security officer to disclose such passwords and usernames. Data Encryption Policy The second policy that an organization can establish to protect its valuable information is data encryption. In recent times, there have been numerous

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.-Jurist and his particular relevance in the Essay

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.-Jurist and his particular relevance in the world of Jurispudence - Essay Example His biggest achievement associated with justices was the elimination of the legal and official reasoning, which were actually supported by the philosophy of natural law and natural right (Watson). Historical Context Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. originally came from Boston and was a student of Harvard College. During his academic life, he participated in the Civil War of 1857, which had a great impact on his life and perceptions of the law and ultimately leaded him to join the Massachusetts Bar in 1867 after graduating from the Harvard Law School. He served in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts till 1902, after which he joined the Theodore Roosevelt Supreme Court, where he remained held the position for about twenty-nine years. In addition to being associated with the judicatory, he was also a successful and renowned writer. Wendell and Jurisprudence Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. had the following basic visions and outlooks about the Jurisprudence (Watson): He convinced people tha t Law is basically sustained by the experience rather than logic as experience makes its life longer whereas logic at times is left behind. Apparently, he was the supporter of judicial control when the conventional judicial advocacy was targeted and condemned by the system of liberal activities. He induced the thought of realism in to the Court by introducing the concept of forecasting. He compelled people and lawyers to see law from other dimensions, that is, of the dreadful man and how he was convinced to break the law. He also proposed his arguments pertaining to positivism as opposed to ethical language in law. Wendell has also made significant contributions to the Pragmatic Approach of Jurisprudence, which was actually founded by him as he was the member of Harvard related club initiated by John Dewey. He was a person who used to keep a close eye on the consequences and results of a potential idea. He used to analyze things with exceptionally experiencing outlook as far as law and jurisprudence were concerned. He thoughtfully expressed this idea in his book The Common Law. He had a great emphasis over the external factors in the matters of court rather than the internal ones. Through his writings and expressions he demonstrated a strange dimension of philosophy of law, especially in the area of jurisprudence. He wanted to liberate the law from the restraints to the way of formality and automatic frame of deductive thinking. To do this, he applied the mechanical, experimental, experiencing and consequential approaches also known as ‘pragmatic maxim’ to the principles of law (Watson). Wendell had a distinctive thinking about law and jurisprudence. Previously he had a close relationship with the natural law and natural rights, which encouraged him to maintain a close eye on the consequences of law and jurisprudence. He considered that values and morals did not have a strong relationship with the proceedings of court. The right and wrong aspects attached to the cases presented in courts are not based upon the purposeful standards, which makes their significance very low. The law differentiates between the good and bad or the culprit and the innocent on the basis of prevailing norms of the society, which in reality do not have any affiliation with the constitution. The realistic approaches of Wendell denied the existence of constitutionalism. By the end of the Civil War, pragmatism had already founded its way into law and jurisprudence superseding the concept of natural law and n

Performance Appraisal of Agilent Technology Essay -- essays research p

Executive Summary For this report, I had chosen Agilent Technologies Sales (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd as my research topic. It is one of the branches in the world that delivers innovative technologies, solutions and services to a wide range of customers in communications, electronics, life sciences and chemical analysis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of Agilent's goals is to maintain a good-quality relationship between employees and management regardless of the economic conditions in which the business is operating. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This report focuses on the Performance Appraisal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of Agilent Technologies. Performance appraisal is one of the factors related to an organization’s long-term success. It has the ability to measure how well employees perform and then use the information to ensure that performance meets present standards and improves over time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To help us have a view in the performance appraisal system of Agilent Technologies, an interview was conducted with two members of the company, Ms. Lim and Ms. Tracy Leong. Ms. Lim is the Assistant Manager in Customer Service, whereas Ms. Leong has been working in the Customer Service department for more 2 years. She is responsible for ensuring that their company’s customers receive an adequate level of service or help with their questions and concerns. Also, she interacts with customers to provide information in response to inquiries about products or services and to handle and resolve complaints, through a variety of means, either in person, by telephone, e-mail or regular mail correspondence, or fax, or even over the Internet. In Agilent, the Human Resources (HR) department has focused on improving responsiveness, clarifying the scope of its services and continuing to build its expertise. Despite difficult economic conditions in recent years, they have continued working toward making Agilent an employer of choice across the globe. The aim is to provide employees with a working environment they find challenging and enjoyable by hiring some of the best people and encouraging open communication and feedback with management. In Agilent, it is the responsibility of the managers to maintain a work environment where employees can openly discuss their performance, progress and development. This requires open and frequent c... ...l process. This helps reducing sampling error by increasing the number of observations and reduces the effect of possible biases. This way, the supervisors and managers will feel more comfortable, since they are no longer solely responsible for what happens to the person as a result of the rating. Probably there are still many ways to be researched and then be conducted. However, I do think these three ways are as important as they will lead the performance appraisal to a better system in Agilent Technologies. References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stone, R.J. 2002, 4th edn, Human Resource Management, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., Australia. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fisher, C. D., Schoenfeldt, L. F. and Shaw, J. B. 1993, 2nd edn, Human Resource Management, Houghton Mifflin Company, London. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paterson, T. T. 1972, 2nd edn, Job Evaluation: A New Method. Business Books Limited, London. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.agilent.com.my 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.agilent.com/environment/esr/employment.html 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.agilent.com/environment/esr/2001/agilent-employees.html

Psychoanalytic Theory Essay

Sigmund Freud has been one of the most prominent personalities in the field of psychology. He has contributed numerous theories in this particular field that are being studied and used even up to the present time. The most notable among his works are the personality theory, psychosexual stages of development, and defense mechanism. According to Sigmund Freud, personality is made up of three elements that he elaborated in his theory of personality. These elements are the id, the ego, and the superego, which collaborates together in order to form complex behaviors of human beings (Van Wagner, 2005). The id is an element of an individual’s personality that exists since birth. This component of personality is characterized by primitive behaviors that operate unconsciously through the person’s involuntary instincts. Id operates under the pleasure principle, which functions for the immediate satisfaction of needs and desires. The id is the cause of psychic energy and thus, it is considered as the main aspect of human personality (Van Wagner, 2005). The ego is the element of personality that focuses on reality. Ego is developed from the id, which makes sure that the primitive behaviors coming from the id can be shown in social acceptable behaviors that coincide with the real world. This operates under the reality principle because it sees to it that the instincts coming from the id is regulated so that it would be appropriate in the real world (Van Wagner, 2005). The superego is the last element of the personality theory to develop. This is the aspect of the personality theory that holds the moral values and standards of an individual. Superego represents the morals a person acquires from his/her parents and the society. This is also known as a person’s sense of right and wrong (Van Wagner, 2005). Freud believes that to be able to comprehend the adult behavior of a person, it is necessary to analyze his/her experience as a child. Due to this the psychosexual stages of development was created (Queen, 2001). The psychosexual stages are composed of the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. The oral stage takes place from birth to 18 months. It is linked with linked with the desire to â€Å"incorporate† objects in the mouth. This is followed by the anal stage that happen from 18 months to three years. The anal stage is when the child takes pleasure in defecation wherein his/her anus is considered as an erotogenic zone (â€Å"Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development†, 2004). Next, is the phallic stage where the individual moves satisfaction from the anus to the genitals at the age of three to seven. It is referred to as the phallic stage because as Freud argues it is the male organ which is important in this stage. Furthermore, the individual takes on the latent period where sexual concerns are still considered but this is in accordance with the society he/she moves in which occurs from seven to twelve years of age. Lastly, the genital period, which occurs from twelve years to adulthood and is the time when attraction towards the opposite sex is developed. As stages are completed the person could balance different aspects of life (Quigley, 1998). There are eight defense mechanisms that are proposed by Freud. These are sublimation, repression, denial, projection, reaction formation, isolation, regression, and defense against effect (Hentschel et al. , 2004). The discussions made above concerns the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud. More specifically the parts of personality, the psychosexual stages of development, and defense mechanisms were presented.

The Theory Of Self Determination - 851 Words

Through the years psychologist have had deep discussion on human potential and what it derives from. Due to this discussion the early humanistic psychologists were able to develop the theory of self-determination, which has provided us with great insight on what drives/motivates us as individuals. Using the theory of self-determination we are able to see how this form of motivation provide the skills a person needs such as competence, relatedness, and autonomy to thrive, especially in regards to students with disabilities. Keywords: self-determination, competence, relatedness, autonomy, and student with disabilities In psychology there has been great discussion on human potential and whether it is inherited based on a person’s surroundings or if it derives internally. According to both Maslow and Rogers, they felt that â€Å"a person has an inherent tendency toward growth and development, which will lead them to actualize their human potential and in turn become the best they can be† (p.109). To get a better understanding of human potential we have to look further into to the history of self-actualization and self-determination and what these terms mean. It is also important for one to know why self-determination is important and how it plays a part in students with emotional, behavioral and learning disorders. By looking at each of these factors we will be able to learn what self-determination is and how it plays an important role in each of our lives. The notion ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Self Determination1245 Words   |  5 PagesIn the chapter three of  Drive, Pink put forward the theory of â€Å"Type X and Type Y†. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan also defined it as the theory of Self-Determination. 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