Drug abuse among health care professionals - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2313 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Drug Abuse among Health Care Professionals Healthcare workers are among the top population for drug abuse. According to the American Medical Association, â€Å"The term ‘impaired is used to identify those members of the medical profession whose performance is adversely affected by drug abuse.†(AMA) Having an impaired heath care worker causes harm to not only them, but puts the client at a higher risk for death. Drug impaired health care workers jeopardize lives every day by working under the influence. This paper will discuss the following topics among health care professionals with drug abuse, the underlying factors, instances of harm related to drug abuse, the statistics of who abuses, and what to do if someone suspects abuse. This paper will in hope give a better view of how to lookout for substance abusers and how to help them admit they have a problem. Drug abuse in health care professionals is an ever growing epidemic. Healthcare workers are just as likely as any other human to use substances in a mann er not legal. There are many factors that persuade them into taking drugs. Drug abuse can be summarized into taking a medication without a prescription, taking more than the recommended prescribed dose, or the abuse of over the counter medications to the point of impairment. Due to the shortage of medical professionals such as nurses, the nurse to patient ratios are growing more and more as the baby boomers retire out. This is putting a substantial amount of work load on to the nurse and causing mistakes to increase. The shortage of nurses also has an increase in stress due to the amount of hours worked. Instead of the normal nurse working a 12 hour shift, it might be necessary to work a 24 hour shift to cover the shift of the night nurse that didnt come in. This increases the risk for abuse to try and stay awake or deal with the depression of not being able to go home. More nurses today are taking stimulants to stay awake to provide patient care. These stimulants put the nurse and patient at risk because of the unwanted side effects such as nervousness, being jittery or dizzy and causing seizures or respiratory depression if too much is consumed. â€Å"Substance abuse is the number one reason named by state boards of nursing for disciplinary action.†(Hrobak) In the state of Oklahoma, if a nurse is suspected of abuse, they must go before the state board in a court appearance, more than likely to have they license revoked, until otherwise proven efficient to work. Other factors to include are, a history of family drug abuse, history of domestic violence, and peer abuse, with many other factors. There a many instances when an impaired health care worker causes harm to the patient and themselves. They can put an entire hospital at risk without even realizing what they are doing. â€Å"A string of mysterious infections at a hospital from 1998 to 1999 were traced to a most unexpected source, doctors are reporting today: a respiratory therapist who is sus pected of having used a needle and syringe to steal a narcotic from the bags of intravenous medicine that were hanging by the bedsides of critically ill patients. The therapist is believed to have contaminated the medications while tapping into them.† (Grady) Bringing in an infection to a hospital can cause everyone grief and patients a higher hospital bill for trying to rid the infection if it doesnt overtake them first. When a health care worker is under the influence many different accidents can happen. Major threats to all healthcare workers are the risk of needle stick injuries. They can inflict a disease of the patient to themselves or pass it on to other patients if not careful with â€Å"dirty† needles they use. A major risk disease that is cautiously monitored in hospitals is AIDS, HIV, and Hepatitis. Without careful monitoring of used patient supplies, more infections can be passed throughout an entire hospital without even realizing. When someone is workin g under the influence, they lose control of the full power of the brain and accidents are more likely to occur. Drug abuse can happen to many other people other than nurses as well. Doctors are just as likely to do the same thing. The following is a medical malpractice case against a doctor. â€Å"A former doctor who admitted he was abusing prescription drugs agreed to settle the medical malpractice lawsuit against him in St. Louis County court this week. The patient, John W. Campbell, accused Michael Impey of putting a hole in his colon during a medical procedure in 2006. About a foot of Campbells colon was removed as a result of the injury. Impey, who lost his medical license soon after the incident because he was abusing pain pills, agreed to settle Tuesday for an undisclosed amount.† (Malik) Without thinking of the consequences of a little abuse, it can cause professionals to lose their license and perhaps never be able to practice again. This doctor might have not bee n aware of the harm he was causing until it was too late to do anything. By that time, most abusers try to cover up mistakes so attention is not brought to them. There are many different statistics used today to describe the amount of professionals relying on drugs to get through an average day of work. There are four major types of drug abuse, alcohol, nicotine, drugs, and inhalants. They can be broadened out into a bigger scope of legal and illegal drugs. Drugs are often times noted as illegal due to the fact that when the abuser deviates away from the proper use of the medication and takes it how they feel will get a better high. Herbal medicines are sometimes considered to be a drug, such as marijuana, but it has not been FDA approved so therefore takes on the name as an herb. This following is a study conducted using physicians, According to addictionsearch.com â€Å"In a study conducted by Cicala (2003) 8% to 12% of physicians were estimated to develop a substance abuse problem.†(Cicala) This could easily be described as they have a license to dispense almost any type of medication and the readily availability of drugs. Anesthesiologists, well known for putting patients under during surgical procedures, are among the top physicians that abuse drugs. They have access to some of the most powerful narcotics and gases that are available and legal to use. Some Dentists are also considered abusers do to the fact that they use nitrous oxide, laughing gas, during procedures, and often times huff it while alone to relax. Nitrous oxide is still considered a prescription because it has to have an order to use it and a license to buy or dispense it. The stress of taking care of another human being and being responsible for life or death choices is not a career for everyone, and they believe can be fixed by getting a high off of narcotics and other drugs. Occasional use of drugs in small dozes can eventually lead to the addiction of large quantities o f drugs several times a day to get the euphoria one is seeking. Nurses are an ever growing field with more than 2.9 million in todays society. The underlying factors associated with work stress and burn out are increasing with nurses. According to addictionsearch.com â€Å"Trinkoff and Storr (1998) conducted an investigation where substance use was studied among nurses. Thirty two percent of 4,438 respondents indicated some substance abuse.†(Tinkoff and Storr) Nurses are constantly working around narcotic and non-narcotic prescriptions on a daily basis. They are the ones who pass out routine medications to their clients and are responsible for the administration of those medications. Often times it has been noted that those sometimes prn (as needed) medications rarely make it to the clients mouth, but to the nurses. With easy access to medication rooms on the floor the nurse is working, it is easy for some nurses to be tempted to take a few extra pills or capsules and n ot note it otherwise. Since many healthcare workers take on the term as a professional, it is never expected for one to abuse substances. Society views health care workers as the ones that know everything about health and how to stay healthy, so it puts that extra stress of societys view onto their daily lives. According to The Journal of Oncology Nurses â€Å"One study reported that the prevalence of use for all substances among nurses was 32%. Compared with nurses in womens health, pediatrics, and general practice, emergency nurses were 3.5 times as likely to use marijuana or cocaine, oncology and administration nurses were twice as likely to engage in binge drinking, and psychiatric nurses were most likely to smoke.† (Tariman) Emergency nurses rate so high in abuse due to the substantial amount of stress that experience with trauma and death in the emergency room. When someone suspects drug abuse, the worst thing one could do is not report it to the administrator or charge nurse, following the chain of command. Most healthcare workers will first go through a series of denial, not wanting to admit they have a problem until they are convinced they need help. Sometimes it is hard to recognize an impaired healthcare worker because they know how to hide the signs and symptoms, although many professionals can still detect the signs of substance abuse. Some signs of drug abuse could be volunteering extra time to work, staying late, volunteering to pass out medications to a patient not belonging to the professional, wasting more drugs than previous workers, orders to the pharmacy for large quantities of narcotics, and isolation to a confines area just to name a few of more than hundred signs available. In todays society there are many programs available to help health professionals not abuse substances. According to an article by Straight Talk, â€Å"Many states have developed alternative treatment programs for nurses rather than immediately taking their license. Thirty-nine states developed programs to channel nurses into treatment and recovery, monitor their return to work, and protect their license.† (Tariman) Oklahoma is one of those thirty-nine states enrolled to help nurses. The Oklahoma Board of Nursing has recently started a new program entitled Peer Assistance. â€Å"The Oklahoma Peer Assistance Program (OPAP) is a voluntary, confidential program, which assists licensed nurses whose competency may be impaired due to substance abuse and/or chemical dependency. We provide a structured, voluntary program that facilitates a recovering nurses return to safe practice, thereby protecting the public.†(Oklahoma Peer Assistance Program) The Peer Assistance program directs individualized care focused to each participant as well as encouragement and support in hopes of persuading them into the right direction. The Oklahoma State Department of health has incorporated a program directed towards assistance as wel l. The program is entitled The Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS). â€Å"Among these programs offerings are assessment and referral, detoxification, outpatient counseling, residential treatment, substance abuse education, transitional living, and aftercare services.† (Substance Abuse Services). They have a main target of prevention of drug abuse by giving classes to at risk abusers but can also help in the treatment of it. With all the help available to healthcare workers, substance abuse shouldnt be hid, it needs to be reported and brought to the abusers attention before things can add up and take a turn for the worse. Healthcare professionals are among the top population for drug abuse. Frequent drug screening and accurate drug counts are just two of the many ways to help control this rising problem. No one wants an impaired practitioner helping in there healing process. It is harmful for the professional and also the patient. Dru g impaired health care workers jeopardize lives every day by working under the influence. This major problem can be stopped by having someone speak up when they notice signs of abuse. Now days many programs are available if the abuser wishes to seek help in stopping the problem before it goes too far. This paper has discussed the following topics among health care professionals with drug abuse, the underlying factors, instances of harm related to drug abuse, the statistics of who abuses, and what to do if someone suspects abuse. In describing the signs to look for, different types of treatment available, and factors leading to substance abuse, it can be up to the everyday population to help recognize these people and help them get help before it puts loved ones lives and self lives at risk. Cicala, R.S. (2003). Substance abuse among physicians: What you need to know. Hospital Physician, 39(7), 39–46. https://www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/substance -abuse-among-healthcare-professionals_49.html Denise, Grady. Outbreak of Hospital Infection Is Tied to Workers Drug Abuse. New York Times 16 May 2002, New York.: 16. Print. https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/16/us/outbreak-of-hospital-infection-is-tied-to-worker-s-drug-abuse.html Hrobak, Mandy. Narcotic Use and Diversion in Nursing. University of Arizona College of Nursing. 06 January 2009. University of Arizona College of Nursing, Web. 3 Nov 2009. https://www.juns.nursing.arizona.edu/articles/Fall%202002/hrobak.htm. Malik, Shezad. Dallas Fort Worth Injury Lawyer Blog. Medical Malpractice Trial Over Addicted Doctor Begins . Dallas Fort Worth Injury Lawyer Blog , 27 July 2009. Web. 4 Nov 2009. https://www.dallasfortworthinjurylawyer.com/2009/07/medical_malpractice_trial_over.html. Oklahoma Peer Assistance Program. Oklahoma Board of Nursing. 2008. OBN, Web. 28 Oct 2009. https://www.ok.gov/nursing/peer.html. Substance Abuse Services. ODMHSAS. 20008. Oklahoma, Web. 28 Oct 2009. https://www.odmhsas.org/subab.htm. Tariman, Joseph. Understand Substance Abuse in Nurses. 22.8 (2007): 18.EBSCOHOST TCHP, . Substance Abuse in Health Care Professionals. TCHP Education Consortium. 2006. TCHP Education Consortium, Web. 8 Nov 2009. https://www.tchpeducation.com/homestudies/generalinterest/substance_abuse/substanceabuse_webbook2009.pdf. Trinkoff, A.M., Storr, C.L. (1998). Substance use among nurses: Differences between specialties. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 581–585. https://www.addictionsearch.com/ treatment_articles/article/ substance-abuse-among-healthcare-professionals_49.html Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drug abuse among health care professionals" essay for you Create order

Sleep Deprivation and Reduction, Sleep Disorders, and the...

It is important for everyone to get enough sleep, but many people often ignore it. If people do not get enough sleep they may experience sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can have negative effects. When people do not get enough sleep or less, they may feel crabby and unable to function as well as they usually do the next day. Balancing work and parenting as a single parent in today’s society is tough. Juggling children, work, taking care of home, and cart the children to extracurricular activities are a lot for one’s plate. As single parent I had my share of sleepless nights as well, mostly when either my children fall sick or when I work extra shift at work. The last time I remember when I had a sleepless night was when both of these†¦show more content†¦When talking to the doctor he had to constantly repeat himself because I couldn’t keep up with what he was saying or I had forgotten what he had said. Driving back home I couldn’t concentrate on the road and it had got to the point that I had nod off while driving. After the long day at the doctor’s office and the trip to the drug store my daughter was tried that gave me the opportunity to take nap. After the nap I felt more like myself, even though my daughter was still ill. Sleep deprivation has negative effect on one’s mood, cognitive function, motor performance, and physiological function. (Pinel, 2007). A person may experience three consistent effects if they receive 3 or 4 hours of sleep in one night (Pinel, 2007). First consistent effect, a person may experience increase in sleepiness. If given the opportunity they may fall asleep quickly (Pinel, 2007). Second consistent effect, a person may display mood swings. And third, a person’s performance may be poorly. Insomnia is a common sleep disorders that prevent a person from getting restful sleep. Insomnia is a sleep disorder of difficulty falling asleep or waking up often during the night and having trouble going back to sleep (Pinel, 2007). People who suffer with this sleeping disorder may sleep 6 hours or more a night, but they believe that they should sleep more (Pinel, 2007). Doctors will prescribe drugs for a patient suffering from insomnia sleep disorder. Some drugs that can be usedShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Sleep Deprivation1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Sleep is as essential to the human body as food and water, but sometimes sleep quality and quantity is inadequate and this is known as sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep deprived people are sleepy and fatigued making them prone to accidents, impairing their judgement and they are more likely to make mistakes and bad decisions. Not sleeping for 24 hours reduces hand-to-eye coordination, which can be compared to having a blood alcohol content of 0.1 and contributes to road accidents and workRead MoreDepression : A Serious Medical Condition1538 Words   |  7 Pagesleft untreated. There are many different forms of depression. One type of depression is major depression, this affects one’s ability to sleep, work, eat, play, or to appreciate life. Major depression usually only occurs once in a person’s life, but there are a few cases where the illness comes back. Another type of depression is called Persistent depressive disorder and this lasts for at least 2 years. There can be a mixture of major depression, and some episodes of minor symptoms. Psychotic depressionRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy From Classical Conditioning And Instrumental Conditioning ( Operant Conditioning )1519 Words   |  7 Pagestook me into many different directions, all of them were very interesting and fascinating to say the least. Cognitive Behavior therapy was initiated in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Aaron T. Beck, MD (Beck, 2011). The origin of cognitive behavior therapy stems from classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning (operant conditioning) (Craske, 2010). The topics will be on the treatment of anxiety, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Cognitive BehaviorRead MoreThe Addiction Of Methamphetamine Among Juvenile Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesoften used for medication purposes in the 1950’s and 1960’s to treat symptoms of depression and obesity. Durell, Kroutil, Crits-Christoph, Barchha, and Van Brunt (2008), also stated that illicit methamphetamine use is a public health concern in the United States with an increase use among teens and young adults in the 1990s. The Mental Health Services Administration conducted a national survey on meth use in the United States and found that currently as least a half a million of Americans used orRead MoreMindfulness And Its Types Of Mindfulness1737 Words   |  7 PagesMindfulness has had a lot of thriving attention in recent years and it’s roots grew in Eastern religious traditions. Buddhism has focused on improving high states of mental well being, in conjunction with selecting psychological problems and dealing with them. It is recurrently associated w ith the set practice of mindfulness medication and more importantly has been named as the ‘heart’ of Buddhist meditation (Kabat-Zinn, 2003; Thera, 1962). Mindfulness, is much more than this and is all about achievingRead More Insomnia and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Essay examples2512 Words   |  11 PagesDissimilarities in variables used for measurement sleep-onset time, time asleep, and time awake by some, sleepiness, irritability, or other impairment of daytime function by others, make difficult comparisons between studies. The insomnia treatments for which there is confirmation of efficacy include sleep restriction, in which the patient is instructed to remain in bed only as long as he is actually sleeping, stimulus control no activities in the bedroom except sleep and sex, and a variety of relaxationRead MoreAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 PagesAcquisition:  the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. 8.Action Potential:  a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. 9.Activation Synthesis:  theory that REM sleep triggers neural firing that evokes random images, which our sleep brain weaves into stories. 10.Adaptation Level Phenomenon:  tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. 11.Adrenal Glands:  a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above theRead MoreEssay on Caring for a Person With Dementia2027 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Dementia is an umbrella term used to explain the gradual decline in multiple areas of functions, which includes thinking, perception, communication, memory, languages, reasoning, and the ability to function (Harrison-Dening 2013). Worldwide, 47.5 million people have dementia and there are 7.7 million new cases every year. Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia and may contribute to 60–70% of cases. (Alzheimers society 2014). The complexity of dementia presents aRead MoreThe Obesity Means Excess Body Fat Essay5796 Words   |  24 PagesObesity means excess body fat, BMI is reasonably accurate method for predicting adiposity and can be easily used as screening tool (Rome, 2011). The definition of pediatric obesity is not usually easy. Because directly measuring body fat is difficult and time consuming, the measurement of BMI is most commonly used. However, BMI does not always accurately reflect body composition. For example, athletes with high muscle mass and an extremely low body fat may have obese BMIs. The use ofRead MorePerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 Pagesconcern of college students following fitness. Very little research has been done to find out what college students are doing about these high levels of stress. An equally modest amount of research has been done to learn how effective are the techniques used by college students to reduce stress levels. Stress on college campuses is high, but students may not be aware of more effective ways to reduce stress. For example, in a recent review of literature o f substance use and abuse (Prendergast, 2004) reported

The Great Gatsby Comparison Free Essays

Throughout the winding plots of love triangles in both The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises, Lady Brett Ashley and Daisy Buchanan play strikingly similar and diverse roles. While the two novels engage towards the same theme of the American Dream and the Lost Generation, they also follow drama induced romances around the two idolized women who create each main conflict. The many lovebirds that mindlessly trail their woman of their dreams eventually run into sticky situations and character fallout. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although this situation occurs in both The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises, the individualities and characteristics of Lady Brett Ashley and Daisy Buchanan differ in their own enchanting way. Daisy Buchanan from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Lady Brett Ashley in The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway are similar in the sense that they are both the main motives in each novel and mutually cheat on their partners, but also contrast in which Brett holds emasculation over the men in the story while Daisy remains more socially conservative. The building of the plot in both novels depends on the two main women who warp the lives of each character they come in contact with. In The Great Gatsby, Daisy is the main motive for Gatsby as he consistently does all he can to win her devotional love. Nick advises Gatsby to go away in order to avoid trouble with Myrtle’s death, but he refuses, as he â€Å"couldn’t possibly leave Daisy until he knew what she was going to do† (Fitzgerald 148). How to cite The Great Gatsby Comparison, Papers

Sixties Counterculture 10 Pg Proposal Essay Example For Students

Sixties Counterculture: 10 Pg Proposal Essay ? The sixties were turbulent times for America, both domestically and abroad. During thesixties America witnessed the assassination of a president, the assassination of a civil rightsleader, a ?conflict? in Vietnam, and a counterculture revolution among the youth. Thecounterculture would peacefully protest and rally against the government early on, but as thedecade progressed, the counterculture would split into various factions. Some of these splintergroups would carry out violent measures to make themselves, and there opinions, known. Whilethe violent actions were carried out by a strict minority, they attracted much attention from thepress. The purpose of this paper is to establish a connection between the peace movement andthe violence perpetrated by the counterculture. I feel that it is important that we find out how amovement that was peaceful in the beginning could end up being so violent. The fact thatAmericas youth could get caught up in such a frightening and violent situat ion should be ofconcern to all of us. The music, and music festivals, of the era are also worthy of consideration. Did the music contribute to the violence, or was it a just reflection of the turmoil felt during thesixties? In order to understand the violent groups and their connection with the counterculture, wefirst need to understand what the counterculture was. The sixties were full of groups which livedoutside of the norm, one of the earlier and most famous groups to form were the hippies. ?In1965, Herb Caen of the San Francisco Chronicle labeled these people ?hippies, as if they wereapprentice hipsters. The young insurgents called themselves ?freaks or ?heads, and they calledtheir ?here and now revolution a counterculture.? The hippies were into living a communal life,a life of peace and tranquility and they were blowing the worlds mind. According to Stern, ?Thedazzling thing about them was that they were so happy. They did not reject the perkiness thatsuffused the early sixti es. They smiled and danced and got high and loved everybody. Theywore flowers in their hair and painted their bodies like freaky Easter eggs. Their program for abetter world was one where everyone was mellow.? The hippies embraced music and drug, especially marijuana and LSD. The hippies feltthat LSD would help free their mind, and they embraced the effects of the drug. Burton Wolf, acontemporary of the hippie scene, wrote, ?Several times, I saw barefoot hippie girls in a big pileof dog excrement, calmly walk to the curb, and scrape it off like you would from your shoe, ?Iused to worry about things like that before I took LSD, one of them told me. ?Now my mind hasopened, and I see that its all part of life: dirt, feces everything. Feces are groovy.? The hippieswere peaceful people who were trying to make the world better, this, however, would change. Alarge portion of the hippies would be brought into radical groups and unknowingly be turnedtowards violence. 1967 marked a change in the way of protesting. ?After 1967, countercultural activistsfollowed two major paths: the revolutionary ?magic politics of the Yippies, and the ?here andnow revolution of rural communes.? The break from the hippies way of thinking is in part dueto the ineffectiveness of their ?here and now? revolution. They were tired of peaceful protests asthe means to their end and they were sick of the interminable theorizing of the New Left. Theywanted results. The Yippies (an acronym for the Youth International Party),?. . .were conceivedby Abbie Hoffman, Paul Krassner, Dick Gregory, Jerry Rubin and friends on New Years Eve in1967 to coax, goose, entice and dazzle thousands of freaks to Chicago for the August DemocraticConvention, create there a ?Festival of Life against the ?Convention of Death, a ?blending of potand politics. . . a cross-fertilization of hippie and New Left philosophies.? The Yippies were a radical group, a group that wanted to shake up all of the ?str aight?people. Be it the way they looked or the way they spoke, they wanted to challenge theestablishment. Jerry Rubin describes the prototypical Yippie, ?a street fighting freek, a dropout,who carries a gun at his hip. So ugly that middle class society is frightened by how he looks. Alonghaired, bearded, crazy mother*censored*er whose life is theater, every moment creating a newsociety as he destroys the old.? Yippies favorite way to alienate the majority culture was bysaying ?*censored*.? Rubin explained the power of profanity by complaining that the establishment hastaken all the good words and destroyed them. ?Love, how can I say, ?I love you after hearing?Cars love Shell? Fuck is the solution. Its the last word in left in the English language. Amerika cannot destroy it because she dare not use it. Its illegal! Fuck is a dirty word becauseyou have to be naked to do it. Its also fun.? At the ?68 Democratic Convention, the Yippies put forth a plan, they were egging on?Chicago with threats, such as slipping LSD into the cities water supply, setting off smokebombs in the convention hall, having sex in the parks and on the beaches, releasing greased pigsin the hotels, drugging the food of the delegates, etc..? Most of these threats were hollow, butthey did carry out the smaller actions, such as the smoke and stink bombs, and the spreading offeces on the floors of hotels. The Yippies received the response they wanted, the city delayed,and refused permits to the Yippies and other groups, and ?Mayor Daley had the entire 12,000man police force working in twelve hour shifts, five to six thousand National Guardsmen weremobilized and put through special training with simulated longhair rioters. A thousand FBIagents were said to be deployed within the city limits, along with innumerable employees ofmilitary intelligence. Six thousand U.S. Army troops, including units of the crack 101st Airborne,equipped with flamethrowers, bazookas, and bayonets, were stationed in the s uburbs.? Theactions of the Yippies and the response by Mayor Daly and Chicago set the tone for what was tocome.. While out on recruiting trips, Dave Dellinger, a member of the editorial board forLiberation magazine, wrote, ?. . .the two questions I was always asked were: (1) Is there anychance that the police wont create a bloodbath? (2) Are you sure that Tom and Rennie dontwant one Tom Hayden, the founder of the SDS, wanted exactly that, a bloodbath. DavidHorowitz explains why, ?One of the conspirators, Jerry Rubin, admitted a decade later that theorganizers had lured activists to Chicago hoping to create the riot that eventually took place. Thisfit with the general strategy Hayden had laid out in private discussions with me. When peoplesheads are cracked by police, he said more than once, it radicalizes them. The trick was tomaneuver the idealistic and unsuspecting into situations that would achieve this result.? The move worked, ?After the convention, tens of thousands of applications for membershippoured into the ramshackle building on the West Side of Chicago that served as national SDShea dquarters.? With a dozen activist in 1962, the SDS grew to over 8000 members at itsheight in 1968. The SDS, or Students for a Democratic Society, also became very active at this point. They were a leftist student organization, an offshoot of the Student League for IndustrialDemocracy. The SLID was a socialist organization that dated back to 1905, after dying out in thefifties, it was reconstituted in 1959 and then renamed the SDS in 1960. The SDS of the earlysixties were using civil disobedience, sit-ins for civil rights, demonstrations at the nations capitalthat questioned military spending. As the sixties wore on the SDS began entertaining ideas ofviolence and became infatuated with the Black Panthers. Both the SDS and the Panther felt aconnection with the third world revolutionary movements that were against Americanimperialism. While the SDS deteriorated, the most militant and destructive movement of thecounterculture emerged, the Weatherman, which later became the Weather Under ground. Roszak laments that while he is against such groups, the counterculture stands for letting peoplemake their own decisions, and take their own actions, no matter how muddled or ill-conceivedthey may be. The New Left by what they stood for could not turn away militant members. While the Weather Underground was known for causing general chaos, ie. fighting, disruptingbusinesses, breaking windows and the such, they were better known for their terrorist actions. Between September 1969 and May 1970, the Weather Underground could be linked to at least250 major bombing attempts, and according to government figures the number could be as manyas six times as great. On August 24, 1970, the Weather Underground planted a bomb in thearmys mathematic lab at the University of Wisconsin. The bomb ended up killing a graduatestudent who was working late. Roszak feels that the tendency towards violence was not due tothe counterculture, but instead due to the extremist Black Powerites, he felt t hat the factions ofthe counterculture were romanticizing the black militants guerrilla warfare. Wellness plan EssayI have not yet been able to find interviews with Abbie Hoffman or Jerry Rubin as I hadhoped, but I plan to continue searching for them. I would also like to read more into the historyof the militant groups, such as The Black Panthers and the Weather Underground. My fatherwent to high school with a member of the Weather Underground who was involved in some ofthe bombings that took place, I intend on locating her and interviewing her to find out what kindof influences caused them to become violent. Bibliography?BibliographyBessman, Jim. ?Rhino Compilation Recalls Monterey Fest? Billboard. vol. 104 August 29, 1992. 10-12. Bromell, Nicholas. ?Both Sides of Bob Dylan; Public Memory, the Sixties, and the Politics ofMeaning,? Tikkun (July-August 1995): 13-21. Burner, David. Making Peace With The 60s. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996. Thisbook allows the reader easily find out about radical movements of the sixties. It tracesthe path of the movement of the silent majority and the counterculture. Collier, Peter and Horowitz, David. Destructive Generation: Second Thoughts About the Sixties. New York: Summit Books, 1989. This book provides valuable information on theextreme radical parties, Horowitz was a member of various factions and helps the readerto understand the mind frame of the people at the time. One also needs to keep in mindthat Horowitz is now a right wing believer, so his views may be biased. Diggins, John P. The American Left in the Twentieth Century. New York: Harcourt BraceJovanovich, Inc., 1973. Diggins provides an up close look at the history of the Leftistmovement throughout the 20th century. Dowling, Claudia. ?Kent State,? Life (May 1990): 137-143. Farrell, James. Spirit of the Sixties: Making Postwar Radicalism. New York: Routledge, 1997. I have used the extensive bibliography in this book to help find additional sources. Farrell also investigates the counterculture lifestyle in a thoughtful and effective manner. Foner, Philip S. The Black Panthers Speak. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1970. The Black Panthers Speak tells the Panther story in their own words, it tells you theirbeliefs and their actions from their point of view. Garofalo, Reebee. Rockin the Boat: Mass Music ; Mass Movements. Boston: South End Press, 1992. Traces the path of music in revolution, does not cover sixties very well, makes thisa weak source. Ginsberg, Allen. ?Testimony of Allen Ginsberg in Chicago Seven Trial?www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/Ginsberg.html. This allows thereader to better understand the riots at the 68 Convention. Gitlin, Todd. The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. Shows how the media helpedshape the counterculture, and how they were viewedGitlin, Todd. The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. New York: Bantam Books, 1987. Thisbook provides vast information on the sixties, Gitlin focuses on all of the factionsthroughout the decade. His views seem unbiased, and he provides a number of footnotesand sources. Harrison, Benjamin T. ?Roots of the Anti-Vietnam War Movement,? Studies in Conflict andTerrorism (April-June 1993): 99-110. Hayden, Tom. Trial. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1970. Herman, Ellen. ?Being and Doing: Humanistic Psychology and the Spirit of the 1960.? In BarbraL. Tischler, ed., Sights on the Sixties New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press,1992. Hoffman, Abbie. Revolution for the Hell of It. New York: Dial Press, 1968. Steal This Book. Worcester, Mass: Jack Hoffman Presents, n.d. . ?Abbie Hoffman on the Chicago 7.? Woodstock 69 Program Guide. A printing of Hoffman on riots/conspiracy to riot taken from the Woodstock Program. ?Testimony of Abbie Hoffman in Chicago Seven Trial?www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/Hoffman.html. This allows thereader to better understand the riots at the 68 Convention. Hopkins, Jerry. No One Here Gets Out Alive. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1997. JerryHopkins provides a look into the life of Jim Morrison, in this look he demonstrates thepower that music holds over the people. Horowitz, David. Radical Son: A Generational Odyssey. New York: Free Press, 1997. Horowitz, David. ?Scenes From the 60s: One Radicals Story,? The American Enterprise (May-June 1997): 28-37. In this article, Horowitz discusses some of the more controversialevents of the sixties, he discusses the Chicago riots, the Black Panthers, and more. Thisarticle provides a look into the radical movement not normally seen. Must be read withcaution, Horowitz may be biased. Kimball, ?The Project of Rejuvenilization,? New Criterion (May 1998): 4-12. Kuwahara, Yasue. ?Apocalypse Now!: Jim Morrisons Vision of America,? Popular Music andSociety (Summer 1992): 55-67. Maratta, Pete. Counter Culture. New York: Topper Books, 1989. McClellan, Grant S. American Youth in a Changing Culture. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1972. Morrison, Jim. ?Five to One.? Waiting for the Sun LP. Released July, 1968. Morrison, Jim. ?Peace Frog.? Morrison Hotel LP. Released 1970. Morrison, Jim. ?Five to One.? Without a Safety Net-The Doors Box Set, Track #1. Recorded1969, Released 1998. Pratt, Ray. Rhythm and Resistance: Explorations in the Political Uses of Popular Music. NewYork: Praeger, 1990. Prochnicky, Jerry and Riordan, James. Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison. New York: Quill, 1991. Roszak, Theodor. The Making of a Counterculture: Reflections of the Technocratic Society and its Youthful Opposition. New York: Double Day, 1969. Roszak provide a definitive lookat the counterculture and that it came to be. Doesnt include black parties as part of thecounterculture though, keep that in mind. Rubin, Jerry. Do It; Scenarios of the Revolution. New York: Schocken Books, 1970. Sargent, Lyman T. New Left Thought: An Introduction. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey Press, 1972. Stern, Jane and Stern Michael. Sixties People. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990. Jane andMichael Stern give brief looks into the movements of the sixties. They cover everythingfrom pop culture to counterculture and try explain what exactly was happening inAmerica at the time. Stoper, Emily. The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee: The Growth of Radicalism in the Civil Rights Organization. Brooklyn, New York: Carlson, 1989. Szatmary, David P. Rockin in Time: A Social History of Rock and Roll. Englewood Cliffs, NewJersey: Prentice Hall, 1991Thompson, Hunter S. Hells Angels: A strange and Terrible Saga. New York, New York:Random House, 1966. Tillinghast, Richard. ?The Grateful Dead: Questions of Survival,? Michigan Quarterly Review (Fall 1991): 686-700. Voirst, Milton. Fire in the Streets: America in the 1960s. New York, New York: Simon andSchuster, 1980. History Essays